Ku bijanye n’ibiyunguruzo vy’amavuta, vyose ntivyaremwe bingana. Ubwoko butandukanye bw’amavuta, nk’amavuta ya ethanol - n’amavuta ya bio -, afise ibiranga bitandukanye bisaba imiterere yihariye y’iyunguruzo ry’amavuta. Nk’umucuruzi w’iyunguruzo ry’amavuta, gutahura izo ntandukaniro ni ikintu gihambaye cane mu gutanga inyishu nziza z’iyunguruzo ku bakiriya bacu.
Etanoli - Ivyuma bivanze
Ivyuma bivanze na ethanol -, bikunze kuboneka nk’ivyo bita E10 (10% ethanol na 90% peteroli) canke E85 (85% ethanol na 15% peteroli), vyaciye bikundwa cane kubera inyungu bishobora kugira ku bidukikije be n’uko bishobora gusubirwamwo. Ariko kandi, zirazana ingorane zidasanzwe ku bijanye n’ibiyunguruzo vy’amavuta.
Ugusenyuka n'Ukuvyimba
Ethanol ni ikintu gishobora gutera ivyatsi kuruta peteroli isukuye. Irafise ubushobozi bwo gusenyura ibikoresho bimwebimwe bikoreshwa mu biyunguruzo vy’amavuta vya kera. Nk’akarorero, ama elastomeres n’ama plastiques amwe amwe arashobora kuvyimba canke gusenyuka iyo akoreshejwe ivyuma bivanze na éthanol - mu gihe c’igihe. Ivyo bituma amayunguruzo yacu y’amavuta y’ibitoro avanze na ethanol - akoreshwa ibikoresho bishobora guhangana n’ugusenyuka kwa ethanol. Turakoresha amapolymere yihariye be n’ibintu bishobora guhangana n’ibitero vy’imiti vy’ethanol, ivyo bikaba bituma iyo nyunguruzo imara igihe kirekire kandi ikaba yizigirwa.
Ugufata amazi
Ethanol irafise ubushobozi bwinshi bwo gukorana n’amazi. Iyo ethanol - ivanze n’amazi, bishobora gutuma haba ugutandukana kw’ibice, aho ethanol n’amazi bivanze bitandukana na peteroli. Ivyo bishobora gutuma moteri idakora neza no kwonona ibihimba vy’umubiri. Ivyuma vyacu vy’amavuta y’ibitoro vy’amavuta y’ibitoro bivanze na ethanol - vyakozwe bifise ubushobozi bwo gutandukanya amazi - buteye imbere. Bifise ibikoresho bikunda amazi bikwegera kandi bikafata amatonyanga y’amazi, bikabuza gushika kuri moteri. Vyongeye, iyo nzu y’iyunguruzo ikozwe kugira ngo amazi yegeranywa ashobore gusohoka bitagoranye.
Ugucungera ibihumanya
Ethanol - ivanze na yo nyene irashobora gutwara ubwoko butandukanye bw’ibintu bihumanya ugereranije na peteroli isukuye. Inzira yo gukora éthanol ishobora gutuma habaho ibindi bihimba n’ibindi bihumanye. Ivyo biyunguruzo vyacu vyakozwe kugira ngo bibe bifise ubushobozi bwo kuyungurura cane ivyo bintu bihumanye. Dukoresha ubuhinga bwo kuyungurura bushobora gufata ubunini bwinshi bw’ibice, kuva ku bice binini gushika ku bice bitobito. Ivyo bifasha kuguma amavuta asukuye no kurinda ibikoresho bitera amavuta muri moteri n’ibindi bihimba.
Bio - Dizeli
Bio - diesel ni iyindi nzira y’amavuta ikozwe mu bikoresho bishobora gusubirwamwo nk’amavuta y’imboga canke ibinure vy’ibikoko. Itanga inyungu nyinshi ku bidukikije, ariko nk’amavuta ya ethanol - ivanze, isaba amayunguruzo yihariye y’amavuta.
Guhingura ibishashara
Kimwe mu bibazo nyamukuru bifise bio - diesel ni uguhingura ibishashara mu bushuhe buke. Bio - dizeli irimwo - uruzitiro rurerure rw’amavuta y’ibinure (FAMEs) ashobora gukomera akagira amabuye y’ibishashara iyo ubushuhe bugabanutse. Ivyo bishashara birashobora gufunga amayunguruzo y’amavuta y’ibinyabiziga no guhungabanya uruja n’uruza rw’amavuta y’ibinyabiziga. Ivyuma vyacu vy’amavuta y’ibinyabuzima vy’ibinyabuzima - dizeli bifise ibikoresho vyo kwirinda ibibazo bijanye n’ibishashara -. Zifise - yubatswe mu gushushanya canke zikozwe n'ubushuhe buke - bugenda - butera imbere. Ico gikoresho gishobora gukoreshwa n’umuyagankuba canke gikoreshe ubushuhe bwa moteri kugira ngo bio - dizeli igume hejuru y’igicu cayo, bikabuza ko ibishashara bimera. Ivyo bikoresho bidasanzwe biratuma amavuta agenda neza mbere no mu bihe vy’ubukonje.
Uguhinduka kw'imitsi n'ugusenyuka
Bio - dizeli irakunda gusenyuka n’ugusenyuka ugereranije na dizeli ikoreshwa muri peteroli -. Oxidation irashobora gutuma habaho ivyuma vy’amazi, ivy’amazi n’ibindi bintu bishobora gufunga akayunguruzo k’amavuta. Ivyunyuro vyacu vy’amavuta ya bio - vyakozwe kugira ngo bishobore kunanira ingaruka z’uguhinduka kw’ibinyabuzima. Dukoresha ibikoresho bishobora guhangana n’ivyuka - mu kwubaka akayunguruzo kandi tugashiramwo ibintu vyo kwongerako mu bikoresho vy’akayunguruzo bishobora gukuraho ivyuka biva mu bicuruzwa -. Ivyo bifasha kubungabunga ubushobozi bw’akayunguruzo mu gihe kirekire no kwagura ubuzima bwayo.
Ukukura kw'imigera
Bio - diesel itanga ikibanza ciza co gukuramwo imigera. Imigera n’ibiherere ku mubiri birashobora gukura mu mazi, cane cane iyo hari amazi. Ivyo bikoko birashobora gutuma habaho umunyu n’ibindi biciye ku bintu - bishobora guhagarika akayunguruzo k’amavuta. Ivyo ducungera amavuta ya bio - diesel vyakozwe kugira ngo ntihagire imigera ikura. Bishobora kubamwo ibintu birwanya imigera mu bikoresho vyo kuyungurura canke bikaba biri mu bikoresho vy’amavuta bifise ingingo zo gukura amazi no gusukura amavuta kugira ngo bibuze imigera gukora.
Kugereranya amayunguruzo
Naho amavuta ya ethanol - n’amavuta ya bio - bisaba amayunguruzo yihariye y’amavuta, hariho itandukaniro rikomeye hagati y’ivyo bibiri.
Ibikoresho bihuye
Ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu biyunguruzo vy’amavuta ya ethanol - n’amavuta ya bio - biratandukanye kubera imiterere yihariye y’imiti y’amavuta yose. Ibikoresho bishobora guhangana na ethanol - vyibanda ku guhangana n’igikorwa c’ibinyobwa ca ethanol, mu gihe amayunguruzo ya bio - akeneye ibikoresho bishobora guhangana n’uguhinduka kw’ibishashara n’uguhingura ibishashara. Ishirahamwe ryacu ry’ubushakashatsi n’iterambere rihitamwo neza ibikoresho bikwiye ubwoko bumwebumwe bw’akayunguruzo kugira ngo rikore neza.
Ubushobozi bwo kuyungurura
Ubwoko bw’ibintu bihumanya biri mu bikoresho vy’amavuta bivanze na etanoli - n’amavuta y’ibinyabuzima - biratandukanye. Ivyuma bivanze na ethanol - bishobora kuba bifise ibintu vyinshi bihumanya bifitaniye isano n’uburyo bwo gukora ethanol, mu gihe bio - diesel ifise ibibazo vy’ibishashara, uguhinduka kw’ibishashara n’ibiva muri -, n’ugukura kw’imigera. Ivyungura vyacu bigenewe gushimikira kuri ivyo bintu vyihariye bihumanya. Nk’akarorero, ubuhinga bwo kuyungurura bw’ibiyunguruzo vya dizeli vy’ibinyabuzima - bishobora gutunganirizwa neza kugira ngo bifate amakirisitayo y’ibishashara n’ibisigazwa vy’ivyuma vy’imitsi, mu gihe ibiyunguruzo vy’amavuta ya ethanol - vyibanda cane ku mazi no ku bihimba bijanye n’uguhingura -.
Ibikorwa mu bihe bitandukanye
Ethanol - ivanze n’amavuta muri rusangi ikoreshwa mu moteri zikoresha peteroli, zikora mu bihe bitandukanye ugereranyije n’imoteri za dizeli zikoresha bio - dizeli. Moteri zikoresha amavuta ya peteroli zifise ubushuhe bwinshi cane kandi zifise uburyo butandukanye bwo gutera amavuta. Ivyo biyunguruzo vyacu vyakozwe kugira ngo bikore neza muri ivyo bidukikije vy’umwihariko vy’imoteri. Bio - amayunguruzo ya dizeli arakeneye guhangana n’ingorane z’ugukora mu bihe vy’ubukonje - n’ibiranga umuriro udasanzwe w’amamoteri ya dizeli.
Akamaro ko guhitamwo akayunguruzo keza
Gukoresha akayunguruzo k’amavuta kabi ku bwoko bumwe bumwe bw’amavuta birashobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye. Bishobora gutuma moteri idakora neza, ikarushiriza gukoresha amavuta, mbere na moteri yononekaye. Nk’akarorero, iyo moteri ya dizeli ya bio - ikoresheje akayunguruzo katagenewe gukorana n’uguhingura ibishashara, akayunguruzo karashobora gufunga mu bihe vy’ubukonje, bigatuma moteri ihagarara. Na vyo nyene, gukoresha akayunguruzo kadashobora guhangana na ethanol mu nzira y’amavuta y’ibitoro ivanze na ethanol - birashobora gutuma akayunguruzo gasenyuka kandi uburyo bw’amavuta y’ibinyabiziga bugasohoka.
Nk’abagurisha amayunguruzo y’amavuta, twiyemeje guha abakiriya bacu amayunguruzo akwiriye ubwoko bw’amavuta yabo. Turatanga ubwoko bwinshi bw’ibiyunguruzo vy’amavuta y’ibinyabiziga vyateguwe kandi bigeragejwe kugira ngo bihure n’ibisabwa bidasanzwe vy’amavuta y’ibinyabiziga avunganye na ethanol - na bio - dizeli. Ivyunyuro vyacu bikoreshwa mu buryo bwiza cane, bikaba bituma bikora neza kandi bikamara igihe kirekire -.
Niba uriko urarondera amayunguruzo y’amavuta y’agaciro kanini - y’amavuta ya ethanol - canke bio - dizeli, nturondere ahandi. Ishirahamwe ryacu ry’abahinga rishobora kugufasha guhitamwo akayunguruzo keza k’ivyo usaba. Turatanga kandi inyishu zigenewe - kugira ngo zihuze n'ivyo ukeneye vyihariye vy'umurongo wawe w'amavuta. Kugira ngo umenye vyinshi ku bicuruzwa vyacu n’ingene bishobora kugirira akamaro ibikorwa vyawe, sura urubuga rwacu4-ibigeragezodfgsdfg.
Turagutumiye ngo utwandikire kugira ngo tuganire mu buryo burambuye ku bijanye n’ivyo usaba ku bijanye n’iyunguruzo ry’amavuta. Abaduserukira mu kugurisha bariteguriye kugufasha mu kuronka inyishu nziza zo kuyungurura ubucuruzi bwawe. Waba uri umukoresha w'urugero ruto - canke umukoresha w'ubwato bw'urugero runini -, turafise ibintu n'ubuhinga bwo gushitsa ivyo ukeneye. Reka dukorane kugira ngo moteri zanyu zikore neza kandi zikore neza n'ibiyunguruzo vyacu vyo hejuru - vya - vy'umurongo wa - vy'amavuta y'ibinyabiziga.
Ibisobanuro
- "Igitabo c'Iyunguruzo ry'Igitoro" - Inyobora yuzuye ku buhinga n'ibikorwa vy'iyunguruzo ry'amavuta.
- "Ibindi bikoresho vy'amavuta n'ubuhinga buteye imbere bw'ibinyabiziga" - Ubushakashatsi ku mico n'ingorane z'amavuta y'ibinyabiziga avunganye na ethanol - n'amavuta y'ibinyabiziga -.
- Raporo z'inganda ku bijanye n'ubushobozi bw'akayunguruzo k'amavuta n'uguhuza kw'ibikoresho ku bwoko butandukanye bw'amavuta.
