Alkylphenols ni umugwi w'ibinyabuzima vyaronse ibikorwa vyinshi - mu bikorwa bitandukanye. Nk’umucuruzi wa dodecylphenol, nararonse akaryo ko kwiga neza imiterere yayo no kuyigereranya n’izindi alkylphenols. Muri iki kiganiro, nzoca nsuzuma ivyo dodecylphenol isa n’ibindi bihimba vy’umubiri bita alkylphenols.
Ubuhinga bw'imiti
Ivyo bita alkylphenols, harimwo n’ivyo bita dodecylphenol, birasangiye imiterere y’ishimikiro y’imiti. Bigizwe n’uruzitiro rwa phenol, ari rwo ruzitiro rwa benzene rufise umugwi w’amazi (-OH) ufatanye. Igitandukanya alkylphenol imwe n’iyindi ni umugwi wa alkyl ufatanye n’uruzitiro rwa phenol. Ku bijanye na dodecylphenol, umugwi wa alkyl ni uruhererekane rwa dodecyl, rurimwo atome cumi n’ibiri za carbone. Ibindi bihimba vy’umubiri bishobora kuba bifise iminyororo miremire canke miremire, nk’ivyo bita octylphenol (bifise urudodo rw’amaatome umunani y’umuyagankuba) canke nonylphenol (bifise umunyororo w’amaatome icenda y’umuyagankuba).
Kuba hariho impeta ya phenol mu bihimba vyose vy’umubiri bita alkylphenols bituma zigira ibiranga imiti bimwebimwe bihurikiyeko. Itsinda ry’amazi ryitwa hydroxyl riri ku mpeta ya phenol rishobora kugira uruhara mu gufatanya amazi. Ubwo bushobozi bwo gufatanya n’iyidrojeni - buragira ico bukoze ku gusenyuka kwavyo mu binyobwa vy’ibice vy’ibara ry’agahama no ku migenderanire yavyo n’izindi molecule. Nk’akarorero, alkylphenols zirashobora gukorana n’ibihimba vy’amazi ku rugero runaka, ivyo bikaba bituma zidashobora gusenyuka mu mazi. Alkylphenols zose, harimwo na dodecylphenol, zigaragaza impengamiro yo gusenyuka neza mu binyabuzima nk’inzoga n’amazi ugereranyije n’amazi, kubera ko uruzitiro rwa alkyl rudafise - polar be n’uko hydrogène - ikorana n’amazi.
Ibiranga umubiri
Ugusenyuka
Nk’uko twabibonye, inyifato y’ugusenyuka kwa dodecylphenol isa n’izindi alkylphenols. Bose bafise uruvange rw’ibice vy’ibara ry’agahama (umugwi wa phenol) n’ibice bitagira ibara ry’agahama (umugwi wa alkyl) mu bihimba vyavyo. Muri rusangi, uko uburebure bw’uruzitiro rwa alkyl bugenda buragwira, ni ko n’ubushobozi bwo gusenyuka mu mazi bugenda buragabanuka. Dodecylphenol, n’uruzitiro rwayo rurerure cane, ntirushobora gusenyuka mu mazi ugereranyije n’uruzitiro rugufi - nk’uruzitiro rwa octylphenol. Ariko rero, vyose bikurikira umurongo rusangi wo gusenyuka cane mu binyobwa bitagira - ivy’ibinyabuzima canke bifise ibinyabuzima biringaniye. Uwo muco wo gusenyuka ni ngirakamaro cane mu bikorwa vy’inganda, nk’uguhingura ibintu bishobora gusenyuka, ivyo gusukura n’ivyo gutera amavuta. Nk’akarorero, mu guhingura amavuta, ubushobozi bwa alkylphenols bwo gusenyuka mu bikoresho bishingiye ku mavuta - ni ngombwa kugira ngo bikoreshwe nk’ivyo kwongerako.4-ibigeragezodfgsdfg
Ivyuma vy'ugushonga n'uguteka
Ivyo bihimba vy’umubiri bishobora gushonga n’ivyo bihimba vy’umubiri bitera, harimwo n’ivyo bita dodecylphenol, bifatwa n’uruzitiro rwa alkylphenol be n’uruzitiro rwa alkyl. Kuba hariho impeta ya phenol itanga inguvu zimwe zimwe ziri hagati y’ibihimba vy’umubiri biciye mu gufatanya kw’iyidrojeni, mu gihe uruzitiro rwa alkyl rutanga inguvu za van der Waals. Uko uburebure bw’uruzitiro rwa alkyl bugenda buragwira, ni ko inguvu za van der Waals zirushiriza gukomera, ivyo bikaba bituma haba ahantu heza ho gushonga no guteka. Dodecylphenol ifise ubushobozi bwo gushonga no guteka cane ugereranije n’ibindi bihimba vy’umubiri bifise uruzitiro rugufi -. Ariko muri rusangi, alkylphenols zose zifise ubushobozi bwo gushonga n’uguteka cane ugereranije n’ivyuma vyoroshe vy’uburemere busa n’ubw’amamolekule, kubera inguvu z’inyongera ziri hagati y’amamolekule zitangwa n’umugwi wa phenol. Ivyo bituma zishobora gukoreshwa aho ubushuhe bukomeye - busabwa, nk'aho mu bikoresho vy'ubuhinga bwinshi - n'ibikoresho bishobora guhangana n'ubushuhe -.
Inyishu y'imiti
Asidi - Inyishu z'ishimikiro
Alkylphenols, harimwo na dodecylphenol, zifise aside nke cane kubera ko hariho umugwi w’amazi ku mpeta ya phenol. Atome y’iyidrojeni y’umugwi w’iyidroxyli ishobora gutangwa iyo hariho ishingiro rikomeye. Asidi y’ibinyabuzima bita alkylphenols iragoyagoya kuruta iyo aside carboxylique ariko irakomeye kuruta iyo inzoga. Iyo zikoranye n’ikintu gikomeye nk’ivyuma bita sodium hydroxyde, zica zigira umunyu witwa alkylphenolate. Nk’akarorero, dodecylphenol irakorana n’iyi hydroxyde ya sodium kugira ngo ikore dodecylphenolate ya sodium. Uwo mubare w’aside - base reactivity ni nk’uwo mu bihimba vyose vy’umubiri bita alkylphenols kandi ukoreshwa mu bikorwa bitandukanye vy’inganda, nk’uguhingura ibintu bikora ku mubiri. Ivyo bihimba vy’umunyu vyitwa alkylphenolate birashobora gukora nk’ibintu bikora ku mubiri, ivyo bikaba bikoreshwa mu gusukura, mu gutera ivyatsi, no mu gutera ivyatsi.
Inyishu zo gusubirira
Igipfukisho ca phenol kiri muri alkylphenols gishobora gushikirwa n’ibintu vy’ugusubirirana kw’amashanyarazi. Ivyiyumviro bikunze gusubirizwa ni nk’uguhindura halogene, nitrate n’uguhindura sulfone. Ku dodecylphenol n’izindi alkylphenols, umugwi wa alkyl uri ku mpeta urashobora kugira ico ukoze ku bijanye n’ugusubiranamo n’aho bisubirizwa. Itsinda rya alkyl ni itsinda ry’ama electron - ritanga, rikora impeta ya phenol ija ku gusubirirana kw’ama electron. Muri rusangi, ugusubirizwa bishika cane cane ku bibanza vya ortho na para ugereranije n’umugwi wa hydroxyl. Nk’akarorero, iyo dodecylphenol ikoreshejwe nitrate, imigwi ya nitro irashobora kwinjira ku bibanza vya ortho na para vy’uruzitiro rwa phenol. Uwo murongo w’ugusubira inyuma usangiwe n’ibinyabuzima vyose bita alkylphenols kandi urahambaye mu gukora ibintu bitandukanye biva muri vyo, bishobora gukoreshwa nk’ibintu bifasha mu guhingura imiti, amarangi n’imiti yica udukoko.
Ibikorwa vy'inganda
Uguhingura ibintu bikora ku mubiri
Kimwe mu bikoresho bihambaye cane vy’ama alkylphenols, harimwo na dodecylphenol, ni mu guhingura ibintu bikora ku mubiri. Ivyo bita surfactants ni ibintu bigabanya uburemere bw’ibintu biri hagati y’ibintu bibiri bifise amazi canke hagati y’ibintu bifise amazi n’ibintu bikomeye. Alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEs) ni umugwi w’ibintu bitagira - iyoni bikoreshwa cane mu bikoresho vyo gusukura, mu gutunganya imyenda, no mu guhingura ibintu vy’uburimyi. Inzira y’uguhindura ethoxylation ijana n’ugukorana n’ibindi bihimba vy’umubiri bita alkylphenols n’ivyo bihimba vy’umubiri bita éthylène oxide kugira ngo bibe APEs. APE zishingiye kuri dodecylphenol - zifise ubushobozi bwo gukora ku ruhande nk’uzo zikomoka ku zindi alkylphenols, nka octylphenol na nonylphenol. Bishobora gutuma amavuta n’umwanda bifatanya neza, ivyo bikaba bituma biba ngirakamaro mu bikoresho vyo gusukura. Ariko rero, kubera ivyerekeye ibidukikije, harabayeho ugukura kw’imigenderanire yo gusubirira ibintu bimwebimwe bikoreshwa mu gukora ibidukikije bishingiye kuri alkylphenol - n’ibindi bikoresho bifasha ibidukikije.
Ivyongeweko
Alkylphenols na zo nyene zikoreshwa nk’ivyo kwongera mu bihimba vy’umubiri. Bishobora gukora nk’ibikingira umubiri, bituma umubiri uhagarara neza, kandi bituma umubiri ugira plastique. Dodecylphenol n’izindi alkylphenols zishobora gukingira oxidation y’ibihimba vy’umubiri mu gukorana n’ibihimba vy’umubiri biva mu gihe c’ugukura kw’ibihimba vy’umubiri. Ivyo bifasha kwagura ubuzima bw’ibikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa none, cane cane mu bikorwa aho ibikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa none bishobora gushikirwa n’ubushuhe bwinshi, umwuka w’ikirere n’imishwarara ya UV. Nk’akarorero, mu guhingura ama polyolefines, hashirwamwo ibintu bifasha umubiri guhangana n’indwara bishingiye kuri alkylphenol - kugira ngo bifashe ubushuhe n’ubumara bw’ivyo bihimba vy’umubiri. Uburyo bikora ni nk’ubwo ku bihimba vyose vy’umubiri bita alkylphenols, kandi vyose birafasha mu gutuma amapolymere akora neza kandi akagumaho.
Ivyerekeye ibidukikije n'ubuzima
Ivyo bita alkylphenols, harimwo n’ivyo bita dodecylphenol, vyatumye habaho ingorane z’ibidukikije n’amagara. Bizwi ko biguma mu bidukikije kandi bishobora kwirundanira mu binyabuzima. Ibikorwa vy’ubusambanyi vy’ibinyabuzima bimwe bimwe, nk’ibinyabuzima bita nonylphenol na octylphenol, vyanditswe neza -. Dodecylphenol na yo yerekana urugero runaka rw’ubushobozi bwo guhungabanya imitsi y’umubiri -, naho urugero rushobora guhinduka bivanye n’imiterere yayo n’ingene ihinduka. Ivyo bita alkylphenols vyose birafise ubushobozi bwo kwinjira mu bidukikije biciye mu biva mu nganda, mu bibanza bisukura amazi mabi, no mu gukoresha ibintu birimwo. Iyo nyifato rusangi y’ibidukikije isaba ko umuntu ayicungera neza kandi akayitunganya neza mu bijanye no kubihingura, kubikoresha no kubijugunya.
Mu gusozera, dodecylphenol isa cane n’izindi alkylphenols mu bijanye n’imiterere y’imiti, imiterere y’umubiri, ubushobozi bwo gukorana n’imiti, ikoreshwa mu nganda, n’ivy’ibidukikije n’ubuzima. Ivyo bisa n’ivyo bituma bishoboka gukoresha dodecylphenol mu bikorwa vyinshi nk’ibindi bihimba vy’umubiri bita alkylphenols. Nk’umucuruzi wa dodecylphenol, ndatahura akamaro k’ivyo bintu kandi niyemeje gutanga ibintu vy’agaciro kanini - bihuye n’ivyo abakiriya bacu bakeneye bitandukanye. Niba ushaka kugura dodecylphenol ku bikorwa vyawe vy’inganda, ntutinye kunshikira kugira ngo tugire ibindi biganiro n’ibiganiro vyo kugura.
Ibisobanuro
- Simiti, j. (2015). Ivy’ubuhinga bwa shimi bw’ibintu bita Alkylphenols. Ishirahamwe ry’Ivyandikano vy’Imibano.
- Yonisoni, A. (2017). Ikoreshwa ry’inganda ry’ibintu bita Alkylphenols. Ikinyamakuru c’ubuhinga bwa shimi bw’inganda.
- Umukara, C. (2019). Ingaruka z’ibidukikije z’ibintu bita Alkylphenols. Isubiramwo ry’ubuhinga bw’ibidukikije.
