Umuyoboro w'icuma udafise umugozi

Igicuruzwa Intangamarara:

Icuma kitagira umurongo gikorwa biciye mu gutobora, gutera ivyuma bishushe, gushushanya mu buryo bukonje canke gutera umurongo mu buryo bukonje, bikaba bikora igikoresho c’imirongo gihurikiye hamwe ata murongo n’umwe ushizwemwo. Ifise imiterere imwe, ukuri gukomeye kw’ingero n’ubuhinga bwiza cane bw’ubuhinga, ivyo bikaba biyigira ikintu gihambaye mu nganda n’ubuhinga bwo muri iki gihe. Ibintu nyamukuru biyiranga ni ibi: nta n’umurongo wo gusudira, ubushobozi bwiza cane bwo gukingira, ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’umuvuduko n’uguhinduka, kandi ntivyoroshe gusaduka canke gusohoka; uruhome rumwe, ukuri kw’ingero nyinshi n’imiterere y’ubuhinga idahinduka; guhangana n’ubushuhe bwinshi n’ubuke, gusenyuka n’ugushaza, n’ibintu vyinshi bishobora gukoreshwa mu gukora; ibikoresho bishobora guhindurwa, ibisobanuro n’imiterere y’imbere bishingiye ku bisabwa n’abaguzi. Ibikorwa vyayo bisanzwe ni ugutwara amavuta ya peteroli, gaze kavukire n’amazi y’imiti; amaboteri y’umuvuduko munini-, imiyoboro y’ubushuhe n’imirongo y’amazi; ibikoresho vy’ubuhinga, ivy’uguhingura imodoka n’ivy’ugushiramwo ibikoresho; hamwe n’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro, amashanyarazi, ubwubatsi bw’ubwato, ubwubatsi bw’ibikorwa remezo n’ibindi.

Wohereze Itohoza

Imvugo

Ivy'ubuhinga

ivyo bisigura ko ubutegetsi bwo kw’isi yose butegerezwa kujana n’ibihe,

Ibisobanuro vy'ibicuruzwa

Icuma kitagira umurongo ni ubwoko bw'icuma gikozwe mu buryo bumwe biciye mu nzira y'billet y'ikibumbano → gushusha → gutobora → gutera bishushe / gutera bikanye / gushushanya bikanye. Nta n’umurongo w’ivyuma, ufise imiterere y’ivyuma n’imiterere y’ubuhinga bumwe, bikaba biyigira igikoresho nyamukuru c’imiyoboro y’inganda z’iherezo ryinshi, ivy’ugukora vy’umuvuduko munini n’imashini zikora neza. Ico gikoresho gishobora guhindurwa mu buryo bubereye mu bikoresho, mu mirongo ngenderwako, mu buryo bwo gukora no mu gutera imbere, gifise ivyiza nyamukuru vy’inkomezi nyinshi, ukwizigirwa kwinshi n’ubuzima buramba. Ikoreshwa cane mu bijanye n’inguvu, inganda zikora imiti, amashanyarazi, imashini, gutwara abantu n’ibintu, ibikorwa remezo n’izindi nganda z’ingenzi z’ubutunzi bw’igihugu.

Ibirango vy'ingenzi

Inyungu y'imiterere: Igipande kimwe-gikora ata murongo wo gusudira, gifisegukingira neza cane, guhangana n'umukazo, guhangana n'uguhinduka n'uguhangana n'ingaruka, gukuraho ingorane zo gusaduka n'ugusohoka kw'amazi, no gutuma habaho ugushikama kw'ibikorwa vy'igihe kirekire-;

Inyungu y’Ubugororotsi: Uburebure bw’uruhome bumwe, ukwihanganira umurongo w’imbere/inyuma n’ukugororoka kwiza, gushitsa ibisabwa vyinshi vy’umuvuduko munini-, ugukoranya neza n’ugutanga amazi;

Inyungu y’Ibikorwa: Ishobora guhangana n’ubushuhe bwinshi n’ubuke, ishobora guhangana n’ugusenyuka n’ugusambuka, ishobora guhangana n’ibintu bikomeye kandi bikomeye vy’akazi nk’aside-base, ubushuhe bwinshi/buto, umuvuduko munini n’inkungugu;

Inyungu yo guhindura ibintu: Gushigikira guhindura ibikoresho, umurongo w’inyuma, uburebure bw’uruhome, uburebure, gusukura iherezo n’ugusukura ku ruhande kugira ngo bihure n’ivyo inganda zitandukanye zikeneye.

Ibisabwa bisanzwe

Ugutwara inguvu: Imiyoboro y’ugutwara inguvu z’umuvuduko munini-w’amavuta ya peteroli, gazi kavukire, gazi y’amabuye y’agaciro n’ibindi bikoresho vy’imiti;

Amaboteri y’amashanyarazi: Amatiyo y’amaboteri y’umuvuduko munini-, ibikoresho bishusha cane, ibikoresho bihindura ubushuhe n’imirongo y’imiyoboro y’ubushuhe;

Ivyuma vy’amazi: Ivyuma vy’amazi n’ivy’umuyaga, imirongo y’amazi, imiterere y’amashini y’ukuri, ibikoresho vy’amazi n’imirongo y’imirongo y’imiduga;

Ibikoresho vy’ubuhinga: Amamashini yo gucukura amabuye y’agaciro, ubwubatsi bw’ubwato, gutwara abantu n’ibintu mu nzira y’amagariyamoshi, ibikorwa remezo vy’ivyuma, ibikoresho vy’amavuta na gazi, n’ibindi.

Imbonerahamwe y'imirongo nyamukuru y'igicuruzwa

Izina ry'ibicuruzwa	Umuyoboro w'icuma udafise umugozi
Uburyo bwo gukora	Gutembagaza bishushe, Gutembagaza bikonje, Gushushanya bikonje
Ibikoresho	Icuma ca Carbon, Icuma givanze, Icuma kitagira ibara
Ubusobanuro bw'imiterere	Uruzingu, Uburebure, Udasanzwe-ufise ishusho y'umuyoboro
Ibirango vy'igicuruzwa	Nta mudozi, Uguhangana n'umuvuduko mwinshi, Gukingira cane, Uguhangana n'ugusenyuka, Ugushikama kwinshi
Ivyagezwe vy'ubuyobozi	GB/T, ASTM, API, DIN, RU, n'ibindi.
Ibibanza vy'ibisabwa	Umuvuduko munini-amazi, Inguvu z'ubushuhe n'ubushuhe, imiterere y'ubuhinga, ibikoresho vy'ubuhinga

IBIBAZO bibazwa

Ikibazo: Ni ibihe bipimo vy’inyuma, uburebure bw’uruhome, n’uburebure?

I: Ivyerekeye uburebure bw’inyuma Φ10mm–Φ630mm, uburebure bw’uruhome 2mm–60mm, uburebure busanzwe metero 6 / metero 12, kandi birashobora no gutemwa ku burebure butegekanijwe iyo bisabwe.

Ikibazo: Ukurikiza ingingo mfatirwako z’igihugu canke ingingo mfatirwako z’Abanyamerika? 8162/8163? ASTM?

I: Amatiyo y’imibumbe akoreshwa hakurikijwe GB/T 8162, amatiyo y’amazi akoreshwa hakurikijwe GB/T 8163, amatiyo y’amazi y’umuvuduko munini-hakurikijwe GB/T 5310/3087, kandi ashobora kandi gutangwa hakurikijwe APIs, AS62. kwubahiriza ibisabwa bihuye n’ivyo.

Ikibazo: Uburyo bwo kwishura ni ubuhe?

I: Mu bisanzwe, bisaba ko umuntu atanga 30%, amahera asigaye akazorihwa imbere y’uko yoherezwa; abakiriya b'amakoperative y'igihe kirekire-bashobora kuganira ku buryo bwo kwishura nk'amahera y'ugutanga canke kwishura buri kwezi.

Ikibazo: Uburyo bwo kwishura ni ubuhe?

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